Dunedin is the old Gaelic name for Edinburgh, underlining the Scottish origins of the settlement - people here still speak with a burred 'r'. Founded, like so many other towns, by the New Zealand Company in 1848, Dunedin really took off during the gold rush - while the fields were more than 100 kilometres inland, this was the nearest port. In the space of just four years the population grew five-fold and Dunedin became one of New Zealand's wealthiest cities. The architecture in Dunedin is striking: the railway station on Anzac Avenue, which boasts an intricate collection of stained glass, the fine Art Gallery, the Otago Museum and the Hocken Library, to name a few.